What types of vehicles can run on (renewable) hydrogen?

(Renewable) hydrogen fuel can power vehicles through two main propulsion technologies: fuel cell electric vehicles, which are already commercially available, and hydrogen internal combustion engines, which are under development.

• Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) use (renewable) hydrogen in a fuel cell to generate electricity. This electricity powers an electric motor, with water vapour as a tailpipe emission. Fuel cell technology is well suited for heavy duty trucks, buses and passenger cars.
• Hydrogen internal combustion engine (H₂ ICE) vehicles use (renewable) hydrogen directly in a modified combustion engine. This technology builds on existing engine designs and manufacturing know how, offering a complementary pathway for certain heavy duty, off road and specialist applications. Read the whitepaper 'Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (H2-ICEVs)'